Quantum computing relies on quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously, unlike classical bits that can only be in a 0 or 1 state. Maintaining the delicate quantum state of qubits is a significant challenge due to the phenomenon of decoherence, where qubits lose their quantum properties due to interactions with their environment. To mitigate this issue, many quantum computing schemes require isotopically pure silicon, which can act as a substrate for qubits and reduce the impact of decoherence.
The NIST team has developed a technique to create silicon-28 (28Si) with a purity level of 99.99996%, surpassing the previous record of 99.9998%. This ultra-pure silicon is crucial for quantum computing applications, as it can significantly reduce the problematic isotope silicon-29 (29Si) that can cause decoherence. The team has also had success in growing the ultra-enriched silicon as a nearly perfect crystal, bringing us closer to a reliable commercial source of sufficiently enriched silicon for quantum computing purposes.