At its core, quantum sensing capitalizes on the unique properties of quantum systems, such as superposition and entanglement, enabling the detection of minuscule changes in physical quantities like magnetic fields, electric fields, temperature, and time. By exploiting these inherent quantum phenomena, researchers have developed cutting-edge devices capable of measuring physical quantities with unparalleled accuracy and sensitivity.
One notable example is the quantum magnetometer, which measures magnetic fields with exceptional precision by utilizing atoms cooled to near absolute zero and placed in a superposition state. When exposed to a magnetic field, the energy levels of the atoms shift, allowing the magnetometer to determine the magnetic field’s intensity with remarkable exactitude. Another illustration is the use of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds, which are sensitive to magnetic and electric fields, temperature, and pressure, making them versatile quantum sensors.