The urban heat island effect is driven by several key factors, including the presence of tall buildings, dense development patterns, and a lack of vegetation. These hard, dark surfaces absorb and radiate heat back into cities, raising temperatures compared to surrounding rural areas. The resulting heat amplification increases the severity of heat waves, leading to higher rates of heat-related illnesses and fatalities, particularly among vulnerable populations.
Addressing the Urban Heat Island Effect
Research indicates that increasing tree cover by just 10% could significantly reduce estimated heat-related mortality in cities, with the most substantial impacts observed in highly populated urban areas. However, existing tree cover is distributed unequally across U.S. cities, with low-income and minority neighborhoods typically having less tree cover and experiencing higher summer surface temperatures. This disparity underscores the urgent need to address social determinants of health and invest in equitable urban forestry initiatives.