The study involved 21 adult participants diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, who were taking antipsychotic medications and had a metabolic abnormality such as weight gain, insulin resistance, or high cholesterol levels. The participants were instructed to follow a ketogenic diet, with approximately 10% of the calories from carbohydrates, 30% from protein, and 60% from fat.
Effects of the Ketogenic Diet
After following the ketogenic diet for 12 weeks, the participants showed significant improvements in several metabolic measures. Body weight, BMI, and waist circumference all decreased, indicating a reduction in overall body fat. Fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance also improved, suggesting better glucose regulation. Additionally, triglyceride levels decreased, and HDL (good) cholesterol levels increased, indicating an overall improvement in the participants’ lipid profiles.
Cognitive and Psychiatric Outcomes
In addition to the metabolic benefits, the study found that the ketogenic diet had a positive impact on the participants’ cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. The participants reported improved focus, concentration, and memory. They also experienced a reduction in the severity of their psychiatric symptoms, such as mood swings, hallucinations, and delusions.