The primary focus of the research is the impact of these chemicals on oligodendrocytes, a specialized cell type responsible for generating the protective insulation around nerve cells. Loss of oligodendrocytes has been implicated in various neurological conditions, including multiple sclerosis. The study found that specific chemicals in consumer products, particularly organophosphate flame retardants and quaternary ammonium compounds, can directly harm oligodendrocytes, thereby increasing the risk of neurological diseases.
Given the widespread presence of these chemicals in numerous household items, human exposure is highly probable. Quaternary ammonium compounds, commonly found in personal care products and disinfectants, have become increasingly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic due to their effectiveness against viruses. Similarly, organophosphate flame retardants are often incorporated into electronics and furniture.
Extensive Analysis and Findings
Through extensive analysis of over 1,800 chemicals, the researchers identified those that selectively damaged oligodendrocytes. Lab experiments using cellular and organoid systems confirmed that quaternary ammonium compounds caused oligodendrocyte death, while organophosphate flame retardants hindered the maturation of these brain cells. Furthermore, the same chemicals were shown to damage oligodendrocytes in the developing brains of mice, and exposure to one of the chemicals was linked to poor neurological outcomes in children nationally.