AD is characterized by impaired brain energy metabolism, leading to cognitive decline. Research indicates that people with AD display lower levels of brain insulin signaling and fewer brain insulin receptors, resulting in brain insulin resistance. Furthermore, AD neurons exhibit diminished numbers of mitochondria, leading to decreased energy production.
Ketogenic diets: Ketogenic diets involve high fat, low carbohydrate intake, shifting the body towards fat metabolism. During KD, the liver converts fats into ketones, serving as a major energy source for neurons. Ketogenic diets induce a state of physiological ketosis, increasing beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration, providing more energy per unit oxygen compared to glucose. Additionally, KD upregulates mitochondria biogenesis and induces expression of genes associated with citric acid cycle and respiratory chain activity, enhancing neuron energy production.
Recent clinical trials demonstrate improved daily functioning and quality of life in AD patients following a modified ketogenic diet compared to a usual diet supplemented with low-fat healthy-eating guidelines.