Climate change has been identified by the World Health Organization as the biggest threat to health in the 21st century. Its effects include increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, worsening air quality, changes in the spread of infectious diseases, threats to food and water security, and mental health issues. Climate change impacts certain parts of the economy, leading to increased unemployment, financial stress, food insecurity, and rising social inequalities.
Some groups are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change on health. Children are at risk due to their increased susceptibility to heat stress, dehydration, air pollution, smoke exposure, and immature immune systems. Pregnant women face increased risks during heatwaves and exposure to air pollution and smoke due to the physiological demands of pregnancy. Older adults and people with pre-existing medical conditions are more prone to dehydration, heat stress, infections, and exacerbation of heart and lung disease.